Jonathan Edwards

American puritan theologian and philosopher

Edwards was born in East Windsor, Connecticut, to Timothy Edwards, pastor of East Windsor, and Esther Edwards. The only son in a family of eleven children, he entered Yale in September, 1716 when he was not yet thirteen and graduated four years later (1720) as valedictorian. He received his Masters three years later.

As a youth, Edwards was unable to accept the Calvinist sovereignty of God. He once wrote, "From my childhood up my mind had been full of objections against the doctrine of God's sovereignty… It used to appear like a horrible doctrine to me." However, in 1721 he came to the conviction, one he called a "delightful conviction." He was meditating on 1 Timothy 1:17, and later remarked, "As I read the words, there came into my soul, and was as it were diffused through it, a sense of the glory of the Divine Being; a new sense, quite different from any thing I ever experienced before… I thought with myself, how excellent a Being that was, and how happy I should be, if I might enjoy that God, and be rapt up to him in heaven; and be as it were swallowed up in him for ever!" From that point on, Edwards delighted in the sovereignty of God. Edwards later recognized this as his conversion to Christ.

In 1727 he was ordained minister at Northampton and assistant to his maternal grandfather, Solomon Stoddard. He was a student minister, not a visiting pastor, his rule being thirteen hours of study a day. In the same year, he married Sarah Pierpont, then age seventeen, daughter of James Pierpont (1659–1714), a founder of Yale, originally called the Collegiate School. In total, Jonathan and Sarah had eleven children.

Solomon Stoddard died on February 11th, 1729, leaving to his grandson the difficult task of the sole ministerial charge of one of the largest and wealthiest congregations in the colony. Throughout his time in Northampton his preaching brought remarkable religious revivals. Jonathan Edwards was a key figure in what has come to be called the First Great Awakening of the 1730s and 1740s.

Yet, tensions flamed as Edwards would not continue his grandfather's practice of open communion. Stoddard, his grandfather, believed that communion was a "converting ordinance." Surrounding congregations had been convinced of this, and as Edwards became more convinced that this was harmful, his public disagreement with the idea caused his dismissal in 1750.

Edwards then moved to Stockbridge, Massachusetts, then a frontier settlement, where he ministered to a small congregation and served as missionary to the Housatonic Indians. There, having more time for study and writing, he completed his celebrated work, The Freedom of the Will (1754).

Edwards was elected president of the College of New Jersey (later Princeton University) in early 1758. He was a popular choice, for he had been a friend of the College since its inception and was the most eminent American philosopher-theologian of his time. On March 22, 1758, he died of fever at the age of fifty-four following experimental inoculation for smallpox and was buried in the President's Lot in the Princeton cemetery beside his son-in-law, Aaron Burr.

Works of Jonathan Edwards, Volume One

How to Pray by R.A. Torrey

 

Written a little over a century ago, How to Pray is a wonderful treatise on prayer. The author, Reuben Torrey, effortlessly guides even the most seasoned person of prayer into deeper, more significant prayer. Torrey explains what prayer is, what it can do, and when one should pray. He also describes the hindrances that keep believers from praying effectively, and how with the power of God believers can overcome those hindrances. Filled with a spirit of graciousness, this classic work on prayer has helped generations and can also further one's own spiritual maturation in the "essential activity" of prayer.

Tim Perrine

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UNWAVERING FAITH

 

UNWAVERING FAITH

Unwavering Faith: Trusting Beyond Sight

Unwavering faith is like a sturdy bridge that spans the chasm between our hopes and reality. It’s not merely belief; it’s an unshakeable trust in something greater than ourselves. In the Christian journey, this faith transcends feelings or fleeting hopes—it’s a firm conviction rooted in the promises of God.

What Is Unwavering Faith?

Unwavering faith is certain about what God has promised in His Word, even before we see the outcome. It’s faith without doubt, unwavering like an anchor in a stormy sea. The book of James warns against wavering: “But let him ask in faith without doubting. For the doubter is like the surging sea, driven and tossed by the wind” (James 1:6-8 CSB).

Imagine a stick floating in water, uncertain of its direction—sometimes moving forward, then backward. Our faith shouldn’t waver like that stick. Instead, it should stand firm, anchored in God’s promises.

Why Is Unwavering Faith Important?

1. Receiving from God: Unwavering faith receives from God. It’s the unwavering confession of our hope based on what God has said. We hold on to His promises without wavering, knowing that He is faithful (Hebrews 10:23 CSB).

2. Confession Matters: Our confession shapes our reality. When we declare God’s promises—whether for healing, provision, or strength—we align ourselves with His truth. It’s not about how we feel; it’s about what God has declared.

   • Need healing? Confess: “I am healed by the stripes of Jesus.”
   • Need provision? Declare: “My God supplies all my needs.”
   • Need strength? Affirm: “The joy of the Lord is my strength.”

Unwavering faith isn’t blind optimism; it’s rooted in God’s character and promises. So, let’s hold fast, knowing that He who promised is faithful¹. Our unwavering faith bridges the gap between what we hope for and what we cannot yet see.

This faith is steadfast, immovable trust in God, regardless of circumstances or challenges. It is characterized by an unshakeable belief in God's promises, His character, and His sovereignty, often demonstrated through obedience, trust, and perseverance even in the face of adversity.

Let us look on what the Scripture says:

1. James 1:6-8:

   • "But when you ask, you must believe and not doubt, because the one who doubts is like a wave of the sea, blown and tossed by the wind. That person should not expect to receive anything from the Lord. Such a person is double-minded and unstable in all they do."

2. Hebrews 11:1:

   • "Now faith is the assurance of things hoped for, the conviction of things not seen."

3. Hebrews 11:6:

   • "And without faith it is impossible to please him, for whoever would draw near to God must believe that he exists and that he rewards those who seek him."

4. Romans 4:20-21:

   • "No distrust made him waver concerning the promise of God, but he grew strong in his faith as he gave glory to God, fully convinced that God was able to do what he had promised."

5. Mark 11:23:

   • "Truly, I say to you, whoever says to this mountain, ‘Be taken up and thrown into the sea,’ and does not doubt in his heart, but believes that what he says will come to pass, it will be done for him."

6. Proverbs 3:5-6:

   • "Trust in the Lord with all your heart, and do not lean on your own understanding. In all your ways acknowledge him, and he will make straight your paths."

7. Psalm 125:1:

   • "Those who trust in the Lord are like Mount Zion, which cannot be moved, but abides forever."

8. Isaiah 26:3-4:

• "You keep him in perfect peace whose mind is stayed on you, because he trusts in you. Trust in the Lord forever, for the Lord God is an everlasting rock."

QUALITIES OF UNWAVERING FAITH

1. Trust in God's Promises: This involves believing in God's promises without doubting. An example can be seen in Abraham, who trusted God's promise of a son despite his and Sarah's old age.

    Genesis 15:6 - "And he believed the Lord, and he counted it to him as righteousness."

2. Persistence in Prayer: It involves persistently praying and trusting in God's timing and will.  Daniel continued to pray faithfully despite the decree against it.

   Daniel 6:10 - "When Daniel knew that the document had been signed, he went to his house where he had windows in his upper chamber open toward Jerusalem. He got down on his knees three times a day and prayed and gave thanks before his God, as he had done previously."

3. Courage in Adversity: It involves displaying courage and confidence in God during difficult times. Shadrach, Meshach, and Abednego trusted God's deliverance from the fiery furnace.

   Daniel 3:17-18 - "If this be so, our God whom we serve is able to deliver us from the burning fiery furnace, and he will deliver us out of your hand, O king. But if not, be it known to you, O king, that we will not serve your gods or worship the golden image that you have set up."

4. Obedience to God's Word: It involves obeying God's commands faithfully. Noah obeyed God's command to build the ark.

   Genesis 6:22 - "Noah did this; he did all that God commanded him."

5. Hope in God's Provision: It involves trusting that God will provide, even in challenging circumstances. Elijah trusted God to provide food during the drought.

   1 Kings 17:6 - "And the ravens brought him bread and meat in the morning, and bread and meat in the evening, and he drank from the brook."

6. Steadfastness in Trials: It involves remaining steadfast and unwavering in faith during trials. Job  remained faithful to God despite losing everything.

   Job 1:21 - "And he said, 'Naked I came from my mother's womb, and naked shall I return. The Lord gave, and the Lord has taken away; blessed be the name of the Lord.'"

7. Faithfulness in Witnessing: It involves being a faithful witness and testimony of God's work. Paul continued to preach the gospel despite persecution.

   Acts 20:24 - "But I do not account my life of any value nor as precious to myself, if only I may finish my course and the ministry that I received from the Lord Jesus, to testify to the gospel of the grace of God."

These qualities of unwavering faith are exemplified throughout the Bible, showing how individuals trusted God in various circumstances, ultimately relying on His faithfulness and power.

A Free verse Poem

In the quiet of the dawn, when the world still slumbers, 

I find solace in the delicate dance of light and shadow. 

The sun, a golden promise, rises above the horizon, 

casting its warm embrace upon the earth. 

It is here, in this gentle moment, that faith blooms.

Faith, like a fragile blossom, unfurls its petals within us. 

It is not loud or boastful; rather, it whispers softly, urging us to believe in the unseen, the intangible. 

It is the unwavering trust that anchors our souls, 

even when storms rage and doubts assail.

I see faith in the dew-kissed leaves, trembling yet resolute. 

They know that the sun will return, that life will surge forth once more. 

And so, they cling to their branches, steadfast in their conviction.

In the quiet of the dawn, I too find my faith. It is not in grand gestures or lofty proclamations. 

Instead, it resides in the ordinary: the first sip of morning tea, 

the touch of a loved one’s hand, the whispered prayers that rise like incense.

Faith is the bridge between what is and what could be. 

It spans the chasm of uncertainty, connecting us to hope, to possibility. 

It is the compass that guides us through the labyrinth of existence, 

pointing toward a distant, shimmering truth.

So let us hold onto our faith, dear friend. Let it be our lantern in the darkest nights, our refuge in the tempests. 

For in its quiet strength lies the promise of a new day, a fresh beginning. 

And as the sun rises once more, we shall rise with it, unwavering and full of grace.

By Rev Dr Rolando E Santiago DD, DPM, ThD
President- EaglesNest Christian Academy and School of Theology

Fundamentals of Faith

Fundamentals of Faith 

1. The Scriptures Inspired

We believe... The Scriptures, both Old and New Testaments, are verbally inspired of God and are the revelation of God to man, the infallible, authoritative rule of faith and conduct.

Scriptures:

• 2 Timothy 3:15-17: "And that from a child thou hast known the holy scriptures, which are able to make thee wise unto salvation through faith which is in Christ Jesus. All scripture is given by inspiration of God, and is profitable for doctrine, for reproof, for correction, for instruction in righteousness: That the man of God may be perfect, throughly furnished unto all good works."
• 1 Thessalonians 2:13: "For this cause also thank we God without ceasing, because, when ye received the word of God which ye heard of us, ye received it not as the word of men, but as it is in truth, the word of God, which effectually worketh also in you that believe."
• 2 Peter 1:21: "For the prophecy came not in old time by the will of man: but holy men of God spake as they were moved by the Holy Ghost."

2. The One True God

We believe... The one true God has revealed Himself as the eternally self-existent “I AM,” the Creator of heaven and earth and the Redeemer of mankind. He has further revealed Himself as embodying the principles of relationship and association as Father, Son, and Holy Ghost.

Scriptures:

• Deuteronomy 6:4: "Hear, O Israel: The Lord our God is one Lord."
• Isaiah 43:10-11: "Ye are my witnesses, saith the Lord, and my servant whom I have chosen: that ye may know and believe me, and understand that I am he: before me there was no God formed, neither shall there be after me. I, even I, am the Lord; and beside me there is no saviour."
• Matthew 28:19: "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."
• Luke 3:22: "And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased."

3. The Deity of the Lord Jesus Christ

We believe... The Lord Jesus Christ is the eternal Son of God. The Scriptures declare:

• His virgin birth,
• His sinless life,
• His miracles,
• His substitutionary work on the cross,
• His bodily resurrection from the dead,
• His exaltation to the right hand of God.

Scriptures:

• Matthew 1:23: "Behold, a virgin shall be with child, and shall bring forth a son, and they shall call his name Emmanuel, which being interpreted is, God with us."
• Hebrews 7:26: "For such an high priest became us, who is holy, harmless, undefiled, separate from sinners, and made higher than the heavens."
• Acts 2:22: "Ye men of Israel, hear these words; Jesus of Nazareth, a man approved of God among you by miracles and wonders and signs, which God did by him in the midst of you, as ye yourselves also know."
• 1 Corinthians 15:3-4: "For I delivered unto you first of all that which I also received, how that Christ died for our sins according to the scriptures; And that he was buried, and that he rose again the third day according to the scriptures."
• Acts 1:9, 11: "And when he had spoken these things, while they beheld, he was taken up; and a cloud received him out of their sight...Which also said, Ye men of Galilee, why stand ye gazing up into heaven? this same Jesus, which is taken up from you into heaven, shall so come in like manner as ye have seen him go into heaven."
• Hebrews 1:3: "Who being the brightness of his glory, and the express image of his person, and upholding all things by the word of his power, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down on the right hand of the Majesty on high."

4. The Fall of Man

We believe... Man was created good and upright; for God said, “Let us make man in our image, after our likeness.” However, man by voluntary transgression fell and thereby incurred not only physical death but also spiritual death, which is separation from God.

Scriptures:

• Genesis 1:26-27: "And God said, Let us make man in our image, after our likeness: and let them have dominion over the fish of the sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over the cattle, and over all the earth, and over every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. So God created man in his own image, in the image of God created he him; male and female created he them."
• Genesis 2:17: "But of the tree of the knowledge of good and evil, thou shalt not eat of it: for in the day that thou eatest thereof thou shalt surely die."
• Genesis 3:6: "And when the woman saw that the tree was good for food, and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and a tree to be desired to make one wise, she took of the fruit thereof, and did eat, and gave also unto her husband with her; and he did eat."
• Romans 5:12-19: "Wherefore, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed upon all men, for that all have sinned...For if by one man's offence death reigned by one; much more they which receive abundance of grace and of the gift of righteousness shall reign in life by one, Jesus Christ."

5. The Salvation of Man

We believe... Man’s only hope of redemption is through the shed blood of Jesus Christ the Son of God.

Scriptures:

• Luke 24:47: "And that repentance and remission of sins should be preached in his name among all nations, beginning at Jerusalem."
• John 3:3: "Jesus answered and said unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto thee, Except a man be born again, he cannot see the kingdom of God."
• Romans 10:13-15: "For whosoever shall call upon the name of the Lord shall be saved. How then shall they call on him in whom they have not believed? and how shall they believe in him of whom they have not heard? and how shall they hear without a preacher? And how shall they preach, except they be sent? as it is written, How beautiful are the feet of them that preach the gospel of peace, and bring glad tidings of good things!"
• Titus 2:11: "For the grace of God that bringeth salvation hath appeared to all men."
• Titus 3:5-7: "Not by works of righteousness which we have done, but according to his mercy he saved us, by the washing of regeneration, and renewing of the Holy Ghost; Which he shed on us abundantly through Jesus Christ our Saviour; That being justified by his grace, we should be made heirs according to the hope of eternal life."

6. The Ordinances of the Church

We believe... The two ordinances of the church are Baptism in Water and Holy Communion.

Baptism in Water:

• Matthew 28:19: "Go ye therefore, and teach all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Ghost."
• Mark 16:16: "He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned."
• Acts 10:47-48: "Can any man forbid water, that these should not be baptized, which have received the Holy Ghost as well as we? And he commanded them to be baptized in the name of the Lord. Then prayed they him to tarry certain days."
• Romans 6:4: "Therefore we are buried with him by baptism into death: that like as Christ was raised up from the dead by the glory of the Father, even so we also should walk in newness of life."

Holy Communion:

• 2 Peter 1:4: "Whereby are given unto us exceeding great and precious promises: that by these ye might be partakers of the divine nature, having escaped the corruption that is in the world through lust."
• 1 Corinthians 11:26: "For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord's death till he come."

7. The Baptism in the Holy Ghost

We believe... All believers are entitled to and should ardently expect and earnestly seek the promise of the Father, the baptism in the Holy Ghost and fire, according to the command of our Lord Jesus Christ. This was the normal experience of all in the early Christian church.

Scriptures:

• Luke 24:49: "And, behold, I send the promise of my Father upon you: but tarry ye in the city of Jerusalem, until ye be endued with power from on high."
• Acts 1:4, 8: "And, being assembled together with them, commanded them that they should not depart from Jerusalem, but wait for the promise of the Father, which, saith he, ye have heard of me...But ye shall receive power, after that the Holy Ghost is come upon you: and ye shall be witnesses unto me both in Jerusalem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria, and unto the uttermost part of the earth."
• 1 Corinthians 12:1-31: "Now concerning spiritual gifts, brethren, I would not have you ignorant. Ye know that ye were Gentiles, carried away unto these dumb idols, even as ye were led...But all these worketh that one and the selfsame Spirit, dividing to every man severally as he will."

8. The Initial Physical Evidence of the Baptism in the Holy Ghost

We believe... The baptism of believers in the Holy Ghost is witnessed by the initial physical sign of speaking with other tongues as the Spirit of God gives them utterance.

Scriptures:

• Acts 2:4: "And they were all filled with the Holy Ghost, and began to speak with other tongues, as the Spirit gave them utterance."
• 1 Corinthians 12:4-10: "Now there are diversities of gifts, but the same Spirit. And there are differences of administrations, but the same Lord. And there are diversities of operations, but it is the same God which worketh all in all. But the manifestation of the Spirit is given to every man to profit withal. For to one is given by the Spirit the word of wisdom; to another the word of knowledge by the same Spirit; To another faith by the same Spirit; to another the gifts of healing by the same Spirit; To another the working of miracles; to another prophecy; to another discerning of spirits; to another divers kinds of tongues; to another the interpretation of tongues."
• 1 Corinthians 12:28: "And God hath set some in the church, first apostles, secondarily prophets, thirdly teachers, after that miracles, then gifts of healings, helps, governments, diversities of tongues."

9. Sanctification

We believe... Sanctification is an act of separation from that which is evil, and of dedication unto God.

Scriptures:

• Romans 12:1-2: "I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that ye present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable unto God, which is your reasonable service. And be not conformed to this world: but be ye transformed by the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, and acceptable, and perfect, will of God."
• 1 Thessalonians 5:23: "And the very God of peace sanctify you wholly; and I pray God your whole spirit and soul and body be preserved blameless unto the coming of our Lord Jesus Christ."
• Hebrews 13:12: "Wherefore Jesus also, that he might sanctify the people with his own blood, suffered without the gate."

10. The Church and its Mission

We believe... The Church is the Body of Christ, the habitation of God through the Spirit, with divine appointments for the fulfillment of her Great Commission. Each believer, born of the Spirit, is an integral part of the General Assembly and Church of the Firstborn, which are written in heaven.

Scriptures:

• Ephesians 1:22-23: "And hath put all things under his feet, and gave him to be the head over all things to the church, Which is his body, the fulness of him that filleth all in all."
• Ephesians 2:22: "In whom ye also are builded together for an habitation of God through the Spirit."
• Hebrews 12:23: "To the general assembly and church of the firstborn, which are written in heaven, and to God the Judge of all, and to the spirits of just men made perfect."

11. The Ministry

We believe... A divinely called and scripturally ordained ministry has been provided by our Lord for the fourfold purpose of leading the Church in:

1. Evangelization of the world,
2. Worship of God,
3. Building a body of saints being perfected in the image of His Son,
4. Meeting human need with ministries of love and compassion.

Scriptures:

• Mark 16:15-20: "And he said unto them, Go ye into all the world, and preach the gospel to every creature. He that believeth and is baptized shall be saved; but he that believeth not shall be damned. And these signs shall follow them that believe; In my name shall they cast out devils; they shall speak with new tongues; They shall take up serpents; and if they drink any deadly thing, it shall not hurt them; they shall lay hands on the sick, and they shall recover. So then after the Lord had spoken unto them, he was received up into heaven, and sat on the right hand of God. And they went forth, and preached every where, the Lord working with them, and confirming the word with signs following. Amen."
• John 4:23-24: "But the hour cometh, and now is, when the true worshippers shall worship the Father in spirit and in truth: for the Father seeketh such to worship him. God is a Spirit: and they that worship him must worship him in spirit and in truth."
• Ephesians 4:11-16: "And he gave some, apostles; and some, prophets; and some, evangelists; and some, pastors and teachers; For the perfecting of the saints, for the work of the ministry, for the edifying of the body of Christ: Till we all come in the unity of the faith, and of the knowledge of the Son of God, unto a perfect man, unto the measure of the stature of the fulness of Christ: That we henceforth be no more children, tossed to and fro, and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the sleight of men, and cunning craftiness, whereby they lie in wait to deceive; But speaking the truth in love, may grow up into him in all things, which is the head, even Christ: From whom the whole body fitly joined together and compacted by that which every joint supplieth, according to the effectual working in the measure of every part, maketh increase of the body unto the edifying of itself in love."
• Psalm 112:9: "He hath dispersed, he hath given to the poor; his righteousness endureth for ever; his horn shall be exalted with honour."
• Galatians 2:10: "Only they would that we should remember the poor; the same which I also was forward to do."
• Galatians 6:10: "As we have therefore opportunity, let us do good unto all men, especially unto them who are of the household of faith."
• James 1:27: "Pure religion and undefiled before God and the Father is this, To visit the fatherless and widows in their affliction, and to keep himself unspotted from the world."

12. Divine Healing

We believe... Divine healing is an integral part of the gospel. Deliverance from sickness is provided for in the Atonement, and is the privilege of all believers.

Scriptures:

• Isaiah 53:4-5: "Surely he hath borne our griefs, and carried our sorrows: yet we did esteem him stricken, smitten of God, and afflicted. But he was wounded for our transgressions, he was bruised for our iniquities: the chastisement of our peace was upon him; and with his stripes we are healed."
• Matthew 8:16-17: "When the even was come, they brought unto him many that were possessed with devils: and he cast out the spirits with his word, and healed all that were sick: That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, Himself took our infirmities, and bare our sicknesses."
• James 5:14-16: "Is any sick among you? let him call for the elders of the church; and let them pray over him, anointing him with oil in the name of the Lord: And the prayer of faith shall save the sick, and the Lord shall raise him up; and if he have committed sins, they shall be forgiven him. Confess your faults one to another, and pray one for another, that ye may be healed. The effectual fervent prayer of a righteous man availeth much."

13. The Blessed Hope

We believe... The resurrection of those who have fallen asleep in Christ and their translation together with those who are alive and remain unto the coming of the Lord is the imminent and blessed hope of the Church.

Scriptures:

• 1 Thessalonians 4:16-17: "For the Lord himself shall descend from heaven with a shout, with the voice of the archangel, and with the trump of God: and the dead in Christ shall rise first: Then we which are alive and remain shall be caught up together with them in the clouds, to meet the Lord in the air: and so shall we ever be with the Lord."
• Romans 8:23: "And not only they, but ourselves also, which have the firstfruits of the Spirit, even we ourselves groan within ourselves, waiting for the adoption, to wit, the redemption of our body."
• Titus 2:13: "Looking for that blessed hope, and the glorious appearing of the great God and our Saviour Jesus Christ."
• 1 Corinthians 15:51-52: "Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed, In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed."

14. The Millennial Reign of Christ

We believe... The second coming of Christ includes the rapture of the saints, which is our blessed hope, followed by the visible return of Christ with His saints to reign on the earth for one thousand years. This millennial reign will bring the salvation of national Israel and the establishment of universal peace.

Scriptures:

• Zechariah 14:5: "And ye shall flee to the valley of the mountains; for the valley of the mountains shall reach unto Azal: yea, ye shall flee, like as ye fled from before the earthquake in the days of Uzziah king of Judah: and the Lord my God shall come, and all the saints with thee."
• Matthew 24:27, 30: "For as the lightning cometh out of the east, and shineth even unto the west; so shall also the coming of the Son of man be...And then shall appear the sign of the Son of man in heaven: and then shall all the tribes of the earth mourn, and they shall see the Son of man coming in the clouds of heaven with power and great glory."
• Revelation 1:7: "Behold, he cometh with clouds; and every eye shall see him, and they also which pierced him: and all kindreds of the earth shall wail because of him. Even so, Amen."
• Revelation 19:11-14: "And I saw heaven opened, and behold a white horse; and he that sat upon him was called Faithful and True, and in righteousness he doth judge and make war. His eyes were as a flame of fire, and on his head were many crowns; and he had a name written, that no man knew, but he himself. And he was clothed with a vesture dipped in blood: and his name is called The Word of God. And the armies which were in heaven followed him upon white horses, clothed in fine linen, white and clean."
• Revelation 20:1-6: "And I saw an angel come down from heaven, having the key of the bottomless pit and a great chain in his hand. And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, And cast him into the bottomless pit, and shut him up, and set a seal upon him, that he should deceive the nations no more, till the thousand years should be fulfilled: and after that he must be loosed a little season. And I saw thrones, and they sat upon them, and judgment was given unto them: and I saw the souls of them that were beheaded for the witness of Jesus, and for the word of God, and which had not worshipped the beast, neither his image, neither had received his mark upon their foreheads, or in their hands; and they lived and reigned with Christ a thousand years. But the rest of the dead lived not again until the thousand years were finished. This is the first resurrection. Blessed and holy is he that hath part in the first resurrection: on such the second death hath no power, but they shall be priests of God and of Christ, and shall reign with him a thousand years."

15. The Final Judgment

We believe... There will be a final judgment in which the wicked dead will be raised and judged according to their works. Whosoever is not found written in the Book of Life, together with the devil and his angels, the beast and the false prophet, will be consigned to the everlasting punishment in the lake which burneth with fire and brimstone, which is the second death.

Scriptures:

• Matthew 25:46: "And these shall go away into everlasting punishment: but the righteous into life eternal."
• Mark 9:43-48: "And if thy hand offend thee, cut it off: it is better for thee to enter into life maimed, than having two hands to go into hell, into the fire that never shall be quenched: Where their worm dieth not, and the fire is not quenched."
• Revelation 19:20: "And the beast was taken, and with him the false prophet that wrought miracles before him, with which he deceived them that had received the mark of the beast, and them that worshipped his image. These both were cast alive into a lake of fire burning with brimstone."
• Revelation 20:11-15: "And I saw a great white throne, and him that sat on it, from whose face the earth and the heaven fled away; and there was found no place for them. And I saw the dead, small and great, stand before God; and the books were opened: and another book was opened, which is the book of life: and the dead were judged out of those things which were written in the books, according to their works. And the sea gave up the dead which were in it; and death and hell delivered up the dead which were in them: and they were judged every man according to their works. And death and hell were cast into the lake of fire. This is the second death. And whosoever was not found written in the book of life was cast into the lake of fire."

16. The New Heavens and the New Earth

We believe... “We, according to His promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness.”

Scriptures:

• 2 Peter 3:13: "Nevertheless we, according to his promise, look for new heavens and a new earth, wherein dwelleth righteousness."
• Revelation 21, 22: "And I saw a new heaven and a new earth: for the first heaven and the first earth were passed away; and there was no more sea. And I John saw the holy city, new Jerusalem, coming down from God out of heaven, prepared as a bride adorned for her husband...And God shall wipe away all tears from their eyes; and there shall be no more death, neither sorrow, nor crying, neither shall there be any more pain: for the former things are passed away...And he shewed me a pure river of water of life, clear as crystal, proceeding out of the throne of God and of the Lamb...And there shall be no more curse: but the throne of God and of the Lamb shall be in it; and his servants shall serve him: And they shall see his face; and his name shall be in their foreheads. And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever."

For Bible Study Purposes: 

You can download the study here - FUNDAMENTALS OF FAITH BIBLE STUDY

Prepared by:

Rev Dr Rolando E Santiago for G7-101010 Movement Stage 1 completion ( Formation or Incorporation Stage)

All Squad Leaders should strictly implement the familiarization of this study manual.

Putting off and Putting on......

 

PUT OFF AND PUT ON

Several passages in the Bible command believers to put off certain behaviors and put on others, to “clothe themselves”, and to “let” or allow certain qualities to be manifested in their lives. Acting upon these passages will enable you to overcome practically every challenge you will face in your counseling as well as in your own life.

Therefore do not let sin reign in your mortal body so that you obey its evil desires. Do not offer the parts of your body to sin, as instruments of wickedness, but rather offer yourselves to God, as those who have been brought from death to life; and offer the parts of your body to him as instruments of righteousness. For sin shall not be your master, because you are not under law, but under grace. (Romans 6:12-14)

Let no debt remain outstanding, except the continuing debt to love one another, for he who loves his fellowman has fulfilled the law. The commandments, “Do not commit adultery,” “Do not murder,” “Do not steal,” “Do not covet,” and whatever other commandment there may be, are summed up in this one rule: “Love your neighbor as yourself.” Love does no harm to its neighbor. Therefore love is the fulfillment of the law. (Romans 13:8-10)

The night is nearly over; the day is almost here. So let us put aside the deeds of darkness and put on the armor of light. Let us behave decently, as in the daytime, not in orgies and drunkenness, not in sexual immorality and debauchery, not in dissension and jealousy. Rather, clothe yourselves with the Lord Jesus Christ, and do not think about how to gratify the desires of the sinful nature. (Romans 13:12-14)

Therefore let us stop passing judgment on one another. Instead, make up your mind not to put any stumbling block or obstacle in your brother’s way. (Romans 14:13)

Let us therefore make every effort to do what leads to peace and to mutual edification.

(Romans 14:19)

Therefore, as it is written: “Let him who boasts boast in the Lord.” (1 Corinthians 1:31)

When I was a child, I talked like a child, I thought like a child, I reasoned like a child. When I became a man, I put childish ways behind me. (1 Corinthians 13:11)

Do everything in love. (1 Corinthians 16:14)

Since we have these promises, dear friends, let us purify ourselves from everything that contaminates body and spirit, perfecting holiness out of reverence for God. (2 Corinthians 7:1)

For the perishable must clothe itself with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality. When the perishable has been clothed with the imperishable, and the mortal with immortality, then the saying that is written will come true: “Death has been swallowed up in victory.” “Where, O death, is your victory? Where, O death, is your sting?” The sting of death is sin, and the power of sin is the law. But thanks be to God! He gives us the victory through our Lord Jesus Christ. Therefore, my dear brothers, stand firm. Let nothing move you. Always give yourselves fully to the work of the Lord, because you know that your labor in the Lord is not in vain. (1 Corinthians 15:53-58)

Put off the works of the flesh: The acts of the sinful nature are obvious: sexual immorality, impurity and debauchery; idolatry and witchcraft; hatred, discord, jealousy, fits of rage, selfish ambition, dissensions, factions and envy; drunkenness, orgies, and the like. I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God. (Galatians 5:19-21)

Put on the fruit of the Spirit: But the fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, patience, kindness, goodness, faithfulness, gentleness and self-control. Against such things there is no law. Those who belong to Christ Jesus have crucified the sinful nature with its passions and desires. Since we live by the Spirit, let us keep in step with the Spirit. Let us not become conceited, provoking and envying each other. (Galatians 5:22-26)

Let us not become weary in doing good, for at the proper time we will reap a harvest if we do not give up. (Galatians 6:9)

You were taught, with regard to your former way of life, to put off your old self, which is being corrupted by its deceitful desires; to be made new in the attitude of your minds; and to put on the new self, created to be like God in true righteousness and holiness. Therefore each of you must put off falsehood and speak truthfully to his neighbor, for we are all members of one body. In your anger do not sin: Do not let the sun go down while you are still angry, and do not give the devil a foothold. He who has been stealing must steal no longer, but must work, doing something useful with his own hands, that he may have something to share with those in need.

Do not let any unwholesome talk come out of your mouths, but only what is helpful for building others up according to their needs, that it may benefit those who listen. And do not grieve the Holy Spirit of God, with whom you were sealed for the day of redemption. Get rid of all bitterness, rage and anger, brawling and slander, along with every form of malice. Be kind and compassionate to one another, forgiving each other, just as in Christ God forgave you.

(Ephesians 4:22-32)

Let no one deceive you with empty words, for because of such things God’s wrath comes on those who are disobedient. Therefore do not be partners with them. (Ephesians 5:6-7)

Whatever happens, conduct yourselves in a manner worthy of the gospel of Christ.

(Philippians 1:27)

Rejoice in the Lord always. I will say it again: Rejoice! Let your gentleness be evident to all. The Lord is near. Do not be anxious about anything, but in everything, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God. And the peace of God, which transcends all understanding, will guard your hearts and your minds in Christ Jesus. (Philippians 4:4-7)

You used to walk in these ways, in the life you once lived. But now you must rid yourselves of all such things as these: anger, rage, malice, slander, and filthy language from your lips. Do not lie to each other, since you have taken off your old self with its practices and have put on the new self, which is being renewed in knowledge in the image of its Creator. Here there is no Greek or Jew, circumcised or uncircumcised, barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all, and is in all. Therefore, as God’s chosen people, holy and dearly loved, clothe yourselves with compassion, kindness, humility, gentleness and patience. Bear with each other and forgive whatever grievances you may have against one another. 

Forgive as the Lord forgave you. And over all these virtues put on love, which binds them all together in perfect unity. Let the peace of Christ rule in your hearts, since as members of one body you were called to peace. And be thankful. Let the word of Christ dwell in you richly as you teach and admonish one another with all wisdom, and as you sing psalms, hymns and spiritual songs with gratitude in your hearts to God. And whatever you do, whether in word or deed, do it all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks to God the Father through him. (Colossians 3:7-17)

So then, let us not be like others, who are asleep, but let us be alert and self-controlled. For those who sleep, sleep at night, and those who get drunk, get drunk at night. But since we belong to the day, let us be self-controlled, putting on faith and love as a breastplate, and the hope of salvation as a helmet. (1 Thessalonians 5:6-8)

Don’t let anyone look down on you because you are young, but set an example for the believers in speech, in life, in love, in faith and in purity. (1 Timothy 4:12)

Therefore, since we have a great high priest who has gone through the heavens, Jesus the Son of God, let us hold firmly to the faith we profess. (Hebrews 4:14)

Let us then approach the throne of grace with confidence, so that we may receive mercy and find grace to help us in our time of need. (Hebrews 4:16)

Therefore let us leave the elementary teachings about Christ and go on to maturity, (Hebrews 6:1)

Let us hold unswervingly to the hope we profess, for he who promised is faithful. And let us consider how we may spur one another on toward love and good deeds. Let us not give up meeting together, as some are in the habit of doing, but let us encourage one another–and all the more as you see the Day approaching. (Hebrews 10:23-25)

Therefore, since we are surrounded by such a great cloud of witnesses, let us throw off everything that hinders and the sin that so easily entangles, and let us run with perseverance the race marked out for us. Let us fix our eyes on Jesus, the author and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy set before him endured the cross, scorning its shame, and sat down at the right hand of the throne of God. Consider him who endured such opposition from sinful men, so that you will not grow weary and lose heart. (Hebrews 12:1-3)

Keep your lives free from the love of money and be content with what you have… (Hebrews 13: 5)

Who is wise and understanding among you? Let him show it by his good life, by deeds done in the humility that comes from wisdom. (James 3:13)

…All of you, clothe yourselves with humility toward one another, because, “God opposes the proud but gives grace to the humble.” Humble yourselves, therefore, under God’s mighty hand, that he may lift you up in due time. (1 Peter 5:5-6)

Dear children, let us not love with words or tongue but with actions and in truth. (1 John 3:18)

Dear friends, let us love one another, for love comes from God. Everyone who loves has been born of God and knows God (1 John 4:7)

Finally, be strong in the Lord and in his mighty power. Put on the full armor of God so that you can take your stand against the devil’s schemes. For our struggle is not against flesh and blood, but against the rulers, against the authorities, against the powers of this dark world and against the spiritual forces of evil in the heavenly realms. Therefore put on the full armor of God, so that when the day of evil comes, you may be able to stand your ground, and after you have done everything, to stand. Stand firm then, with the belt of truth buckled around your waist, with the breastplate of righteousness in place, and with your feet fitted with the readiness that comes from the gospel of peace. In addition to all this, take up the shield of faith, with which you can extinguish all the flaming arrows of the evil one. Take the helmet of salvation and the sword of the Spirit, which is the word of God. And pray in the Spirit on all occasions with all kinds of prayers and requests. With this in mind, be alert and always keep on praying for all the saints. (Ephesians 6:10-18)

The Sons of Issachar: In a Glimpse

The Sons of Issachar: In a Glimpse

Who are the Sons of Issachar?

The Sons of Issachar were one of the twelve tribes of Israel, descendants of Issachar, the fifth son of Jacob and Leah. Their name is often associated with wisdom and understanding of the times, a trait that distinguished them among the tribes of Israel.

Lineage

1. Issachar: Issachar was the ninth son of Jacob and the fifth son of Leah. His birth is recorded in Genesis.

   • Genesis 30:17-18: "And God listened to Leah, and she conceived and bore Jacob a fifth son. Leah said, 'God has given me my wages because I gave my servant to my husband.' So she called his name Issachar."

2. Descendants: Issachar had four sons: Tola, Puah, Jashub, and Shimron.

   • Genesis 46:13: "The sons of Issachar: Tola, Puah, Jashub, and Shimron."

   • Numbers 26:23-25: "The sons of Issachar according to their families: of Tola, the family of the Tolaites; of Puah, the family of the Punites; of Jashub, the family of the Jashubites; of Shimron, the family of the Shimronites. These are the families of Issachar according to those who were numbered of them: 64,300."

Their Work and Training

The Sons of Issachar are noted in the Bible for their understanding of the times and knowledge of what Israel ought to do. This indicates that they were leaders and advisors who possessed insight and wisdom, likely acquired through diligent study, observation, and perhaps prophetic revelation.

1. Understanding of the Times:

   • 1 Chronicles 12:32: "Of the sons of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, 200 chiefs, and all their kinsmen under their command."

This verse highlights their unique ability to discern and make strategic decisions, which would have been crucial during times of war and peace.

Contributions to the Hebrew Nation

Support for King David: The Sons of Issachar played a significant role during the reign of King David. They supported his kingship and were part of the group that helped consolidate his rule over Israel.

• 1 Chronicles 12:32: As mentioned, they provided leadership and wisdom, essential for David's consolidation of power.

Military Contributions: The tribe of Issachar also contributed to the military strength of Israel. They were counted among the warriors who supported various military campaigns.

• Numbers 1:28-29: "Of the people of Issachar, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war: those listed of the tribe of Issachar were 54,400."

Provision of Judges and Leaders: The descendants of Issachar included judges and leaders who played pivotal roles in maintaining justice and order.

• Judges 10:1: "After Abimelech there arose to save Israel Tola the son of Puah, son of Dodo, a man of Issachar, and he lived at Shamir in the hill country of Ephraim."

The Sons of Issachar were notable for their wisdom, understanding of the times, and strategic insight, which made them invaluable leaders and advisors in Israel. They descended from Issachar, the son of Jacob, and contributed significantly to the military, political, and judicial aspects of the Hebrew nation. Their legacy is a testament to the importance of wisdom and discernment in leadership.

The formation and arrangement of the Israelite tribes during times of travel and battle were meticulously outlined in the Bible. The Sons of Issachar had a specific place in this arrangement, reflecting their role and importance among the tribes.

Contribution to the Israelite Army during Israel's conquest of Canaan

• During the census of the tribes in the wilderness, Issachar's numbers highlighted their significant contribution to the overall military strength of Israel.
• Numbers 1:28-29: "Of the people of Issachar, their generations, by their clans, by their fathers' houses, according to the number of names, from twenty years old and upward, every man able to go to war: those listed of the tribe of Issachar were 54,400."
• Numbers 26:23-25: "The sons of Issachar according to their families: of Tola, the family of the Tolaites; of Puah, the family of the Punites; of Jashub, the family of the Jashubites; of Shimron, the family of the Shimronites. These are the families of Issachar according to those who were numbered of them: 64,300."
  • These numbers reflect the significant military manpower provided by the tribe of Issachar, essential for the various military campaigns during Israel's conquest of Canaan and subsequent periods of conflict.

Military Organization and Support to Israels conquest of Canaan

• The organization of the tribes around the Tabernacle and their order of march also underscores Issachar's role in the military structure of Israel.

• Numbers 2:5-6: "The tribe of Issachar will camp next to them. The leader of the people of Issachar is Nethanel son of Zuar. His division numbers 54,400."

• Numbers 10:15: "And over the company of the tribe of the people of Issachar was Nethanel the son of Zuar."

• Positioned with Judah and Zebulun on the east side of the camp, Issachar was part of the leading group, responsible for setting the pace and leading the march, a strategic position in both travel and battle.

The Sons of Issachar contributed significantly to the military efforts of Israel through their involvement in key battles, provision of warriors, and strategic positioning within the tribal organization. Their role in the battle against Sisera, support for King David, and substantial military manpower highlight their importance in the defense and leadership of the nation of Israel. Their contributions were not only in numbers but also in their strategic insight and leadership, making them a crucial part of Israel's military history.

Formation in Battle

Position in the Camp: The tribes were arranged around the Tabernacle in a specific order when encamped, and this arrangement also applied when they set out for battle.

• Numbers 2:3-9: The arrangement of the camp and the order of march are detailed in Numbers 2. The tribes were divided into four groups, each consisting of three tribes. Issachar was part of the group led by the tribe of Judah, which camped on the east side of the Tabernacle.

  • Numbers 2:3-9: "On the east side, toward the sunrise, the divisions of the camp of Judah are to encamp under their standard. The leader of the people of Judah is Nahshon son of Amminadab. His division numbers 74,600. The tribe of Issachar will camp next to them. The leader of the people of Issachar is Nethanel son of Zuar. His division numbers 54,400. The tribe of Zebulun will be next. The leader of the people of Zebulun is Eliab son of Helon. His division numbers 57,400. All the men assigned to the camp of Judah, according to their divisions, number 186,400. They will set out first."

Order of March: When the Israelites set out from their encampments, they did so in a specific order.

• Numbers 10:14-16: "The standard of the camp of the people of Judah set out first by their companies, and over their company was Nahshon the son of Amminadab. And over the company of the tribe of the people of Issachar was Nethanel the son of Zuar. And over the company of the tribe of the people of Zebulun was Eliab the son of Helon."

Strategic Importance

The placement of Issachar with Judah and Zebulun on the east side, leading the march, signified a position of prominence and responsibility. This grouping was strategically important for several reasons:

Leadership and Initiative: Being in the vanguard, the tribes of Judah, Issachar, and Zebulun led the entire assembly, setting the pace and direction. This aligns with Issachar's noted wisdom and understanding of the times, as their insights would have been crucial in directing the course of action.

Protection and Defense: As part of the leading group, Issachar would have been among the first to engage in battle, providing both offense and defense. Their understanding of the times likely included strategic and tactical acumen, making them effective leaders in combat situations.

The Sons of Issachar held a critical role in the formation of the Israelite tribes, both in encampment and during times of travel and battle. Positioned with Judah and Zebulun on the east side, they were at the forefront of the march, embodying leadership, strategic wisdom, and readiness for battle. This placement underscores their importance and the trust placed in their capabilities by the broader community of Israel.

The Sons of Issachar supported King David's reign by providing strategic insight and leadership during a critical period of transition in Israel's history. Their understanding of the times and knowledge of what Israel ought to do made them invaluable allies. Here are some specific ways they supported King David:

Support for King David

Understanding of the Times and Strategic Counsel:

1 Chronicles 12:32: "Of the sons of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, 200 chiefs, and all their kinsmen under their command."

This verse highlights the Sons of Issachar as leaders with exceptional wisdom and discernment. Their ability to understand the times likely involved interpreting political, social, and perhaps prophetic signs, allowing them to advise David effectively. Their counsel would have been crucial in forming strategies, making decisions, and navigating the complexities of uniting the tribes of Israel under David's leadership.

Providing Strategic Counsel and 

Prophetic Insight

• Their understanding of the times and knowledge of what Israel ought to do meant that the Sons of Issachar likely provided strategic counsel to David. This counsel would have been invaluable in navigating the complexities of consolidating power and establishing a stable government.

• 1 Chronicles 12:32: The phrase "understanding of the times" suggests that their insights included political, social, and possibly prophetic understanding, making their advice critical in shaping David's policies and decisions. The Sons of Issachar had a keen ability to discern the will of God and the direction in which He was leading Israel. This insight would have included recognizing the divine timing for actions and decisions, which is a prophetic characteristic. 

• This implies not just knowledge but an interpretative skill to understand events in light of God's plans and purposes.
• Strategic Timing: The Sons of Issachar knew the importance of timing in both spiritual and practical matters. Their decision to support David at Hebron came at a pivotal moment when consolidating support for David was crucial.
• Ecclesiastes 3:1 (though not directly related to Issachar, this principle aligns with their wisdom): "For everything, there is a season, and a time for every matter under heaven."

Military Support:

• The Sons of Issachar were part of the armed forces that came to support David at Hebron, helping to transfer the kingdom from Saul to David.
• The Sons of Issachar were part of the forces that joined David at Hebron to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him, in accordance with the word of the Lord.
• By supporting David, the Sons of Issachar also strengthened military alliances, as their warriors joined forces with David's army. This not only bolstered David's military strength but also showcased a united front to potential adversaries.
• 1 Chronicles 12:23-40: This passage lists the warriors from various tribes who came to support David, including the Sons of Issachar. 
• 1 Chronicles 12:40: "And also their relatives, from as far as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, came bringing food on donkeys and on camels and on mules and on oxen, abundant provisions of flour, cakes of figs, clusters of raisins, and wine and oil, oxen and sheep, for there was joy in Israel."
• This passage highlights the logistical and supportive role they played, ensuring that David's forces were well-provisioned and demonstrating their commitment to the cause.
• Although the primary emphasis here is on their wisdom and leadership, the inclusion of Issachar among the forces gathered for David indicates their readiness and capability for military engagement.

Political Support and Alliance:

• By aligning with David, the Sons of Issachar contributed to the political stability and unity of the nation. Their support helped legitimize David's claim to the throne, showing that he had the backing of wise and respected leaders within the tribes of Israel.

• The Sons of Issachar's political support and alliance with David were significant in several ways, highlighting their influence and the crucial role they played in unifying Israel under David's reign. This support was not only a testament to their wisdom and understanding but also pivotal in ensuring a smooth transition of power and stabilizing David's rule.

Their understanding likely encompassed an acute awareness of the political and social dynamics of the time. They would have been able to read the mood of the nation, the intentions of leaders, and the needs of the people, enabling them to advise appropriately.

• Their support for David at a critical time shows they understood the political shift and recognized David as God's chosen leader for Israel.

Legitimizing David's Kingship:

• The Sons of Issachar's endorsement of David as king helped legitimize his claim to the throne. As respected leaders with a reputation for wisdom and understanding of the times, their support would have carried considerable weight among the other tribes.

• 1 Chronicles 12:32: "Of the sons of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, 200 chiefs, and all their kinsmen under their command."

• This verse indicates that Issachar's leaders were not only wise but also influential, commanding the respect and loyalty of their kinsmen. Their decision to support David would have influenced others to follow suit.

Symbolizing Wise Leadership and Governance:

• The involvement of the Sons of Issachar symbolized wise and prudent leadership. Their reputation for wisdom and discernment would have set a standard for governance under David, emphasizing the importance of knowledgeable and insightful leadership.
• Their participation would have reinforced David's image as a king who valued and utilized wise counsel, thus promoting a governance style based on understanding and strategic thinking.

Contributing to Political Stability and Unity:

• Their support was crucial in uniting the divided tribes of Israel under David's leadership. After the death of Saul, there was potential for division and conflict among the tribes, but the Sons of Issachar's decision to back David helped foster unity.

• 1 Chronicles 12:38: "All these, men of war, arrayed in battle order, came to Hebron with a whole heart to make David king over all Israel. Likewise, all the rest of Israel were of a single mind to make David king."

• The alignment of the Sons of Issachar with David helped create a collective sense of purpose and direction among the tribes, which was essential for political stability.

Cultural and Religious Guidance:

• Their role likely extended to advising on cultural and religious matters, ensuring that David’s policies aligned with the spiritual and cultural ethos of Israel.
• Their counsel would have helped in maintaining the nation’s faithfulness to God’s laws and in addressing the religious aspects of governance.

Biblical Context and Full References

To understand the full impact of the Sons of Issachar's support, it's helpful to read the surrounding passages that detail the gathering of forces and the unification of Israel under David:

• 1 Chronicles 12:23-40:
  • "These are the numbers of the divisions of the armed troops who came to David at Hebron to turn the kingdom of Saul over to him, according to the word of the Lord. The men of Judah bearing shield and spear were 6,800 armed troops. 
  • Of the Simeonites, mighty men of valor for war, 7,100. 
  • Of the Levites 4,600. The prince Jehoiada, of the house of Aaron, and with him 3,700. Zadok, a young man mighty in valor, and twenty-two commanders from his own fathers' house. 
  • Of the Benjaminites, the kinsmen of Saul, 3,000, of whom the majority had to that point kept their allegiance to the house of Saul. 
  • Of the Ephraimites 20,800, mighty men of valor, famous men in their fathers' houses. 
  • Of the half-tribe of Manasseh 18,000, who were expressly named to come and make David king. 
  • Of Issachar, men who had understanding of the times, to know what Israel ought to do, 200 chiefs, and all their kinsmen under their command. 
  • Of Zebulun 50,000 seasoned troops, equipped for battle with all the weapons of war, to help David with singleness of purpose. 
  • Of Naphtali 1,000 commanders with whom were 37,000 men armed with shield and spear. Of the Danites 28,600 men equipped for battle. 
  • Of Asher 40,000 seasoned troops ready for battle. 
  • Of the Reubenites and Gadites and the half-tribe of Manasseh from beyond the Jordan, 120,000 men armed with all the weapons of war. All these, men of war, arrayed in battle order, came to Hebron with a whole heart to make David king over all Israel. 
  • Likewise, all the rest of Israel were of a single mind to make David king. And they were there with David for three days, eating and drinking, for their brothers had made preparation for them. And also their relatives, from as far as Issachar and Zebulun and Naphtali, came bringing food on donkeys and on camels and on mules and on oxen, abundant provisions of flour, cakes of figs, clusters of raisins, and wine and oil, oxen and sheep, for there was joy in Israel."

The Sons of Issachar played a crucial role in supporting King David through their wisdom, strategic insight, military support, and political alliance. Their understanding of the times and decisive action helped establish David's reign and unify the nation of Israel, marking a significant period in biblical history.

The Sons of Issachar made notable military contributions to the nation of Israel, particularly during the period of the Judges and the early monarchy under King David. Their involvement in military affairs underscored their importance not only as wise leaders but also as capable warriors.

Political Significance of Their Support and Alliance with David

The political support and alliance of the Sons of Issachar with David were crucial in legitimizing his kingship, uniting the tribes of Israel, providing strategic counsel, symbolizing wise leadership, and strengthening military alliances. Their endorsement and involvement were instrumental in the smooth transition of power and the establishment of a stable and unified Israel under David's reign. Their wisdom and understanding of the times made them invaluable allies, contributing significantly to the political and social stability of the nation.

The Sons of Issachar are renowned in biblical history for their exceptional understanding of the times and their ability to provide strategic counsel. This particular quality set them apart and made their contributions to the nation of Israel and the reign of King David especially significant.

Participation in the Battle Against Sisera

The tribe of Issachar played a role in the battle against Sisera, the commander of the Canaanite army, during the time of the Judge Deborah.

Judges 5:15: "The princes of Issachar came with Deborah, and Issachar faithful to Barak; into the valley they rushed at his heels. Among the clans of Reuben there were great searchings of heart."

The battle against Sisera is one of the most dramatic and significant military engagements recorded in the Bible, showcasing divine intervention and the courage of Israel's leaders and warriors. This battle is primarily recounted in Judges chapters 4 and 5, featuring Deborah, Barak, Jael, and the tribes of Israel, including Issachar.

Scenario Leading Up to the Battle

1. Oppression by King Jabin:
   • Israel was under the oppressive rule of Jabin, the king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor. Sisera, the commander of Jabin's army, had 900 iron chariots and oppressed the Israelites cruelly for twenty years.
   • Judges 4:2-3: "So the Lord sold them into the hands of Jabin king of Canaan, who reigned in Hazor. Sisera, the commander of his army, was based in Harosheth Haggoyim. Because he had 900 chariots fitted with iron and had cruelly oppressed the Israelites for twenty years, they cried to the Lord for help."

2. Call of Deborah and Barak:
   • Deborah, a prophetess and judge of Israel, received a divine command to mobilize the tribes of Israel against Sisera. She summoned Barak, instructing him to gather 10,000 men from the tribes of Naphtali and Zebulun.
   • Judges 4:6-7: "She sent for Barak son of Abinoam from Kedesh in Naphtali and said to him, 'The Lord, the God of Israel, commands you: Go, take with you ten thousand men of Naphtali and Zebulun and lead them up to Mount Tabor. I will lead Sisera, the commander of Jabin’s army, with his chariots and his troops to the Kishon River and give him into your hands.'"

The Battle

1. Gathering of Forces:

   • Barak, accompanied by Deborah, led the Israelite forces to Mount Tabor. Among the warriors were the leaders and fighters from the tribe of Issachar, who were noted for their allegiance and support.
   • Judges 4:10: "There Barak summoned Zebulun and Naphtali, and ten thousand men went up under his command. Deborah also went up with him."

2. Issachar's Role:

   • The tribe of Issachar, along with other tribes, played a crucial role in the battle. Their leaders and warriors supported Barak and Deborah, contributing to the united front against Sisera.
   • Judges 5:15: "The princes of Issachar were with Deborah; yes, Issachar was with Barak, sent under his command into the valley. In the districts of Reuben, there was much searching of heart."

3. Divine Intervention and Tactical Advantage:

   • As Sisera and his chariots approached, the Lord caused confusion in Sisera’s ranks. Heavy rain turned the Kishon River into a torrent, rendering Sisera's iron chariots useless in the mud, giving the Israelites a strategic advantage.
   • Judges 4:14-15: "Then Deborah said to Barak, 'Go! This is the day the Lord has given Sisera into your hands. Has not the Lord gone ahead of you?' So Barak went down Mount Tabor, with ten thousand men following him. At Barak’s advance, the Lord routed Sisera and all his chariots and army by the sword, and Sisera got down from his chariot and fled on foot."

4. Complete Victory:

   • The Israelite forces pursued Sisera’s army, defeating them completely. Sisera fled on foot and sought refuge in the tent of Jael, the wife of Heber the Kenite, an ally of King Jabin.
   • Judges 4:16: "Barak pursued the chariots and army as far as Harosheth Haggoyim, and all Sisera’s troops fell by the sword; not a man was left."

The Death of Sisera

1. Jael’s Role:
   • Jael welcomed Sisera into her tent, offering him milk and a place to rest. When Sisera fell asleep, Jael killed him by driving a tent peg through his temple.
   • Judges 4:21: "But Jael, Heber’s wife, picked up a tent peg and a hammer and went quietly to him while he lay fast asleep, exhausted. She drove the peg through his temple into the ground, and he died."

2. Confirmation of Victory:
   • Barak arrived in pursuit of Sisera and found that Jael had killed him, confirming the complete victory over the Canaanite forces.
   • Judges 4:22: "Just then Barak came by in pursuit of Sisera, and Jael went out to meet him. 'Come,' she said, 'I will show you the man you are looking for.' So he went in with her, and there lay Sisera with the tent peg through his temple—dead."

Aftermath and Significance

1. Song of Deborah:
   • Deborah and Barak sang a song of victory, praising God for the deliverance and highlighting the bravery and contributions of the tribes, including Issachar.
   • Judges 5:15: "The princes of Issachar were with Deborah; yes, Issachar was with Barak, sent under his command into the valley."

2. Peace in Israel:
   • The defeat of Sisera and King Jabin led to peace in Israel for forty years.
   • Judges 4:23-24: "On that day God subdued Jabin king of Canaan before the Israelites. And the hand of the Israelites pressed harder and harder against Jabin king of Canaan until they destroyed him."

The battle against Sisera was a significant victory for Israel, showcasing divine intervention and the collaborative effort of the tribes under inspired leadership. The Sons of Issachar played a vital role in this victory through their support and participation, contributing to the defeat of a powerful oppressor and securing peace for the nation. Their involvement highlighted their military prowess, loyalty, and strategic importance in the history of Israel.

The Sons of Issachar’s understanding of the times and strategic counsel were pivotal in shaping the political, military, and spiritual landscape of Israel. Their prophetic insight, awareness of political and social dynamics, and strategic timing made them invaluable advisors. Their support for David, involvement in key battles, and ability to unite the tribes under a common purpose exemplify their wisdom and discernment, solidifying their legacy as astute leaders who knew what Israel ought to do in crucial moments.

By Rev Dr Rolando E Santiago DD, DPM, ThD

President- EaglesNest Christian Academy and School of Theology